Systems and methods for detecting compromised automated teller machines

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented method for detecting compromised automated teller machines is provided. The method includes receiving activity data from an ATM, activity data including user input data and machine data, wherein user input data includes instructions input by a user at the ATM during a transaction, and wherein machine data is associated with processes performed by the ATM; storing operating parameter rules in the memory, the operating parameter rules configured to indicate whether the received activity data is within a normal activity range for the ATM; applying the received activity data to the operating parameter rules; generating an activity score for the ATM based on the applying, wherein the activity score is configured to indicate a likelihood that the ATM is compromised; and initiating a response based on the activity score.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 62/077,658, filed Nov. 10, 2014, which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The field of the disclosure relates generally to monitoring automatedteller machines (ATMs) and, more particularly, to collecting activitydata from an ATM and detecting, at least partially from the collectedactivity data, whether the ATM is compromised.

ATMs serve many functions for consumers, who may use transaction cardsto initiate transaction at ATMs. Some known ATM transactions includecash withdrawals from a cardholder account, payment of bills and taxes,accessing bank statements, cash advances on pay statements, checkprocessing, payment of credit-card balances, account transfers, andforeign-currency deposits. However, as the capabilities of ATMs continueto advance, the risk of fraud and illegal use of ATMs remains a concern.Criminals may be able to use hardware and/or software to “hack” into anATM, at which point these criminals and/or their agents may be able tomanipulate the cash output of the ATM and/or access confidentialinformation of the ATM users. It would be desirable to have a system andmethod configured to collect activity data from an ATM, analyze theactivity data, and determine based at least partially on the activitydata whether the ATM is compromised.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

In one aspect, a computer-implemented method for detecting comprisedautomated teller machines (ATMs) using an activity monitoring (AM)computing device is provided. The method includes receiving, by the AMcomputing device, activity data from an ATM. Activity data includes userinput data and machine data, wherein user input data includesinstructions input by a user at the ATM during a transaction, andwherein machine data is associated with processes performed by the ATM.The method also includes storing operating parameter rules in thememory. The operating parameter rules are configured to indicate whetherthe received activity data is within a normal activity range for theATM. The method further includes applying the received activity data tothe operating parameter rules. The method also includes generating anactivity score for the ATM based on the applying. The activity score isconfigured to indicate a likelihood that the ATM is compromised. Themethod still further includes initiating a response based on theactivity score.

In another aspect, a computer system for detecting comprised automatedteller machines (ATMs) is provided. The computer system comprises amemory and an activity monitoring computer device including a processor.The processor is configured to receive activity data from an ATM.Activity data includes user input data and machine data, wherein userinput data includes instructions input by a user at the ATM during atransaction, and wherein machine data is associated with processesperformed by the ATM. The processor is further configured to storeoperating parameter rules in the memory. The operating parameter rulesare configured to indicate whether the received activity data is withina normal activity range for the ATM. The processor is also configured toapply the received activity data to the operating parameter rules. Theprocessor is still further configured to generate an activity score forthe ATM based on the application, wherein the activity score isconfigured to indicate a likelihood that the ATM has been compromised.The processor is also configured to initiate a response based on theactivity score.

In yet another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereonfor detecting a compromised automated teller machine (ATM) is provided.When executed by at least one processor coupled to at least one memorydevice, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor toreceive activity data from an ATM. Activity data includes user inputdata and machine data, wherein user input data includes instructionsinput by a user at the ATM during a transaction, and wherein machinedata is associated with processes performed by the ATM. Thecomputer-executable instructions also cause the processor to storeoperating parameter rules in the memory. The operating parameter rulesare configured to indicate whether the received activity data is withina normal activity range for the ATM. The computer-executableinstructions further cause the processor to apply the received activitydata to the operating parameter rules. The computer-executableinstructions also cause the processor to generate an activity score forthe ATM based on the application. The activity score is configured toindicate a likelihood that the ATM is compromised. Thecomputer-executable instructions still further cause the processor toinitiate a response based on the activity score.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1-7 show example embodiments of the methods and systems describedherein.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example automated tellermachine (ATM) system for enabling transaction card transactions at anATM in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example compromise detectionsystem that may be used to analyze activity data from an ATM shown inFIG. 1 to determine whether the ATM is compromised.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example configuration of an ATM operated by a userto initiate a transaction using the system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example configuration of a server system shown inFIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a table displaying example scoring rules that may be appliedby the activity monitoring computing device shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is a component view of an example activity monitoring computingdevice shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example method for detecting acompromised ATM implemented by an activity monitoring computing deviceshown in FIG. 2.

Like numbers in the Figures indicate the same or functionally similarcomponents.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The compromise detection system described herein includes an activitymonitoring (AM) computing device in communication with at least oneautomated teller machine (ATM). The compromise detection system isconfigured to receive activity data from the at least one ATM and toapply the received activity data to operating parameter rules. Theoperating parameter rules are configured to indicate whether theactivity data is within a normal activity range (e.g., whether userinput is normal and/or whether machine processes of the ATM are normal).The compromise detection system is further configured to generate anactivity score for the ATM, indicating whether or not the ATM is likelycompromised.

More specifically, in the example embodiment, the AM computing device isconfigured to receive the activity data from the ATM. The ATM includescomputer hardware and software components configured to prompt a user toenter instructions (e.g., input), receive the instructions from the userof the ATM, and process the instructions to carry out a transaction(e.g., a withdrawal or any other transaction) for the user. The activitydata received from the ATM includes user input data and machine data.The user input data includes the instructions input by the user at theATM during the transaction initiated at the ATM. The machine data isassociated with the processes and operations performed by the ATM.

The AM computing device stores operating parameter rules in a memory. Insome embodiments, the AM computing device generates the operatingparameter rules using statistical modelling and known compromised and/ornormal activity data for ATMs. In other embodiments, the AM computingdevice receives the operating parameter rules. The AM computing deviceapplies the received activity data to the operating parameter rules togenerate an activity score for the ATM. The activity score is configuredto indicate a likelihood that the ATM is compromised. In other words, ifthe received activity data is applied to the operating parameter rulesand is found to be inside the normal activity range, the AM computingdevice is configured to generate an activity score that indicates theATM is likely uncompromised. If the activity data is found to be outsidethe normal activity range, the AM computing device is configured togenerate an activity score that indicates the ATM is likely compromised.

In some embodiments, based on the activity score (i.e., the likelihoodthat the ATM is compromised), the AM computing device is configured toinitiate a response. For example, the AM computing device may generatean alert for a manual investigation of the ATM. The AM computing devicemay initiate a virus scan at the ATM (by transmitting a virus scansignal to the ATM), in order to potentially identify unauthorizedsoftware present on the ATM. The AM computing device may initiate ashutdown of the ATM (by transmitting a shutdown signal to the ATM),which takes the ATM offline until a manual investigation of the ATM canbe performed. As used herein, “manual investigation” refers generally toan investigation or examination of the ATM performed in person at theATM by, for example, an ATM technician. The AM computing device maytransmit a command to maintain operation, if the activity scoreindicates that the ATM is likely uncompromised.

Cardholders (e.g., consumers having one or more financial transactioncards) initiate transactions (e.g., withdrawals) at an ATM. The ATMcollects transaction data about each initiated transaction. For example,the ATM collects data about the user input to the ATM, includinginstructions from the user related to the transaction. The ATM alsocollects data about the processes and operations the ATM performs, bothin response to user input and as part of its normal function. The AMcomputing device is configured to receive the activity data from theATM, wherein the activity data includes some user input data (e.g., datarelated to a user-initiated transaction) and some machine data (e.g.,related to processes and operations of the ATM).

Generally, “activity data” is used herein to refer to user input dataand machine data collected at the ATM. The AM computing device analyzesthe activity data to determine whether the ATM has been compromised byunauthorized software (e.g., malware). If a criminal has installed orotherwise transferred unauthorized software to the ATM, the AM computingdevice may identify some or all of the activity data as being outside ofa normal activity range. Activity data includes user input data andmachine data. User input data includes, for example, transaction datasuch as a transaction amount, a cardholder identifier that associatesthe user with a respective cardholder account, and a time and/or datestamp. User input data may also include, for example, a transaction type(e.g., withdrawal, bill payment, etc.). Machine data may include, forexample, cash output from or cash inventory of the ATM.

In one embodiment of the compromise detection system described herein,the AM computing device is configured to identify a particular cashoutput without a respective transaction initiated by a user. Forexample, if unauthorized software is installed on an ATM (i.e., the ATMis compromised), a criminal agent may be able to enter a predeterminedcode into the ATM. That predetermined code is not associated with anyuser account but communicates a cash withdrawal request to the ATM.Thus, there occurs a cash output from the ATM without a respectivecardholder transaction. Activity data associated with a cash outputwithout a user-initiated transaction, when applied to the operatingparameter rules by the AM computing device, may fall outside the normalactivity range. The AM computing device may then adjust the generatedactivity score to indicate a greater likelihood that the ATM iscompromised. The AM computing device may be configured to identify cashoutput or inventory totals that do not match associated user input data.For example, user input data may identify user input for withdrawalstotaling $100 for a particular period of time, but cash output orinventory data may identify actual cash output totaling $1000. The AMcomputing device is configured to apply this user input data andassociated machine data (e.g., cash output or cash inventory) to theoperating parameter rules and may determine that the user input datafalls outside the normal activity range. The AM computing device maythen adjust the generated activity score to indicate a greaterlikelihood that the ATM is compromised.

User input data may also include, for example, transaction velocitydata. For transaction velocity data that indicates repetitivetransactions initiated within a very short period of time (e.g.,multiple transactions within a few seconds), the AM computing device isconfigured to apply the user input data to the operating parameter rulesand may determine that the user input data falls outside the normalactivity range. The AM computing device may then adjust the generatedactivity score to indicate a greater likelihood that the ATM iscompromised.

Machine data may also include, for example, virus scan data, rebootdata, presence of attached physical media, available memory, criticalsystem data, and other event data. In some cases, a virus scan run atthe ATM may return suspicious files and/or software. The ATM may recordan unexpected reboot that originates from a source other than a primaryhard drive of the ATM. Such a reboot may be indicative of aninstallation or transfer of unauthorized software to the ATM. Thepresence of attached physical media (e.g., a USB device or a CD-ROMdevice) may indicate the transfer of unauthorized software to the ATM.An unexpected drop in available memory of the ATM may indicate thepresence of unauthorized software. An interruption in, disruption of,deletion of, or other unexpected change in critical system functionality(e.g., functionality of a remote monitoring system) may indicate thetransfer or presence of unauthorized software. Other unexpected orpreviously unencountered events may also indicate the presence ofauthorized software. Any or all of these examples, if identified in thereceived activity data when the activity data is applied to theoperating parameter rules by the AM computing device, may fall outsideof the normal activity range. The AM computing device may, in any or allof these cases, adjust the generated activity score to indicate agreater likelihood that the ATM is compromised.

The AM computing device may further be configured to take into accountphysical attributes of the ATM when generating an activity score for theATM. Physical attributes of the ATM are associated with at least thelocation of the ATM and may include, for example, a location identifierfor the ATM (e.g., an address or location description) and/or usertraffic at the ATM. An ATM with high user traffic may be more likely tobe a target. An ATM in a publicly accessible location may be more easilycompromised. Therefore, the AM computing device may generate an ATMprofile for the ATM that includes the physical attributes.

The AM computing device of the example compromise detection system maybe in communication with an ATM network. The ATM network may be engagedby or may be otherwise in communication with a host bank, which isassociated with the ATM (and, in some cases, a plurality of ATMs). TheATM network is configured to monitor the ATM and/or to processtransactions performed at the ATM. In some cases, the host bank is alsoan issuer bank of transaction cards. The ATM network may be a paymentprocessing network associated with the transaction cards issued by thehost bank. If a transaction is initiated at the ATM by a cardholderhaving a transaction card associated with the host bank (and, therefore,associated with the ATM network), the ATM network may process thetransaction using its own payment processing network infrastructure. Ifa transaction is initiated at the ATM by a cardholder having atransaction card associated with a different payment processing network(other than the payment processing network of the ATM network), the ATMnetwork may submit the transaction to the different payment processingnetwork. The different payment processing network then proceeds with anauthorization process with an issuer bank of the transaction card. Thecompromise detection system may be associated with one or more of thehost bank, the ATM network, and a payment processing network.

In some embodiments, the AM computing device may be configured toreceive activity data from a second ATM, wherein the second ATM isassociated with at least one of a host bank and a second ATM network(i.e., a different ATM network than the ATM network with which the firstATM and/or the AM computing device may be associated). The AM computingdevice may also be configured to receive a status indicator regardingthe second ATM, wherein the status indicator indicates whether thesecond ATM is compromised or uncompromised. The AM computing device mayreceive the status indicator from the second ATM and/or from the secondhost bank. The AM computing device may be configured to generate updatedoperating parameter rules based on the received activity data from thesecond ATM and the received status indicator. In other words, the AMcomputing device uses information gathered from the activity data andstatus indicator of the second ATM to clarify, update, revise, and/orfurther define the operating parameter rules that it uses to determinewhether any other ATM is or is not comprised. The AM computing devicemay further be configured to apply activity data from the first ATM tothe updated operating parameter rules and to generate an updatedactivity score for the first ATM.

At least one of the technical problems addressed by this systemincludes: (i) monitoring machine data from an ATM without associateduser input data; (ii) slow response times after a compromised ATM hasbeen detected; and (iii) inefficient or ineffective ATM systemmanagement.

The technical effect of the disclosure is achieved by performing atleast one of the following steps: (i) receiving, by the AM computingdevice, activity data from an ATM, activity data including user inputdata and machine data, wherein user input data includes instructionsinput by a user at the ATM during a transaction, and wherein machinedata is associated with processes performed by the ATM; (ii) storingoperating parameter rules in the memory, the operating parameter rulesconfigured to indicate whether the received activity data is within anormal activity range for the ATM; (iii) applying the received activitydata to the operating parameter rules; (iv) generating an activity scorefor the ATM based on the applying, wherein the activity score isconfigured to indicate a likelihood that the ATM is compromised; and (v)initiating a response based on the activity score.

The technical effect achieved by this system is at least one of: (i)leveraging the combination of user input data and machine data from theATM to more effectively monitor the ATM; (ii) increased speed andefficiency in responding to compromised ATMs; and (iii) improved ATMsystem management.

The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of thedisclosure by way of example and not by way of limitation. It iscontemplated that the embodiments have general application to processingfinancial transaction data and remote sensing data by a third party inindustrial, commercial, and residential applications.

As used herein, the term “database” may refer to either a body of data,a relational database management system (RDBMS), or to both. As usedherein, a database may include any collection of data includinghierarchical databases, relational databases, flat file databases,object-relational databases, object-oriented databases, and any otherstructured collection of records or data that is stored in a computersystem. The above examples are example only and thus are not intended tolimit in any way the definition and/or meaning of the term database.Examples of RDBMS's include, but are not limited to including, Oracle®Database, MySQL, IBM® DB2, Microsoft® SQL Server, Sybase®, andPostgreSQL. However, any database may be used that enables the systemsand methods described herein. (Oracle is a registered trademark ofOracle Corporation, Redwood Shores, Calif.; IBM is a registeredtrademark of International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y.;Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond,Wash.; and Sybase is a registered trademark of Sybase, Dublin, Calif.)

In one embodiment, a computer program is provided, and the program isembodied on a computer-readable medium. In an example embodiment, thesystem is executed on a single computer system, without requiring aconnection to a sever computer. In a further embodiment, the system isbeing run in a Windows® environment (Windows is a registered trademarkof Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.). In yet another embodiment,the system is run on a mainframe environment and a UNIX® serverenvironment (UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company Limitedlocated in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom). The application isflexible and designed to run in various different environments withoutcompromising any major functionality. In some embodiments, the systemincludes multiple components distributed among a plurality of computingdevices. One or more components may be in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied in a computer-readable medium.

As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceededwith the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding pluralelements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited.Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present disclosureare not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence ofadditional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram 50 illustrating an example automatedteller machine (ATM) system 52 for enabling cardholder 58 transactionsat an ATM 54. “User,” “consumer,” and “cardholder” are usedinterchangeably herein to refer to consumers having a transaction cardand/or initiating transaction(s) at ATM 54. ATM system 52 may utilize avariety of different types of transaction cards offered by the consumerfor the transaction. Transaction cards can refer to, for example, creditcards, debit cards, and prepaid cards. These cards can all be used as amethod for performing a transaction. As described herein, the term“transaction card” or “financial transaction card” includes cards suchas credit cards, debit cards, and prepaid cards, but also includes anyother devices that may hold payment account information, such as mobilephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and key fobs.

In ATM system 52, a financial institution called an “issuer” 56 issues atransaction card, such as a credit card or debit card, to a cardholder58, who uses the transaction card to initiate a transaction (e.g., awithdrawal) from ATM 54. Generally, ATM 54 is associated with a hostbank (not shown). In some cases, issuer bank 56 of the cardholder'stransaction card is also the host bank of ATM 54. In some cases, issuerbank 56 and the host bank are separate entities. The host bank maymonitor and/or service ATM 54 and process transactions initiated at ATM54. The host bank may alternatively contract with a third party tomonitor and/or service ATM 54. In the example embodiment, the host bankof ATM 54 has engaged with an ATM network 60. ATM network 60 monitorsATM 54 and a plurality of other ATMs (not shown) that may be associatedwith the host bank or another host bank (not shown). When cardholder 58initiates a transaction, ATM 54 reads transaction card identificationinformation from, for example, a magnetic stripe on the transaction cardor a wireless communication device within the transaction card, andcommunicates electronically with ATM network 60. ATM network 60 isconfigured to route the transaction to an interchange network 62 toenable authorization of the transaction.

In some embodiments, ATM network 60 is integral to or otherwiseassociated with interchange network 62. In other embodiments, ATMnetwork 60 is not associated with interchange network 62. Usinginterchange network 62, the computers of ATM network 60 will communicatewith the computers of issuer bank 56 to determine whether thecardholder's account 64 is eligible to complete the transaction (e.g.,has available funds). Based on these determinations, the request forauthorization will be declined or accepted. If the request forauthorization is accepted, an authorization code is issued to ATM 54 viaan authorization response message.

For debit card transactions, when a request for a personalidentification number (PIN) authorization is approved by issuer bank 56,cardholder's account 64 is decreased by the amount of the transaction.In some cases, there is an additional fee charged to cardholder'saccount 64 for use of ATM 54. For example, if the transaction card usedby cardholder 58 is not affiliated with ATM 54 or the host bank of ATM54, there may be a small fee charged for the use of ATM 54. In othercases, for example, if the transaction card used by cardholder 58 isassociated with either or both of ATM 54 and the host bank of ATM 54,the fee may be waived or refunded to cardholder 58. Normally, atransaction charge associated with the transaction is posted immediatelyto cardholder's account 64. Interchange network 62 then transmits theapproval in the authorization response message to ATM network 60. ATMnetwork 60 transmits the approval to ATM 54. If, for example, thetransaction initiated by cardholder 58 was a withdrawal, theauthorization response message transmitted to ATM 54 includesinstructions for ATM 54 to distribute cash to cardholder 58. In theexample embodiment, an activity monitoring computing device (shown inFIG. 2) may be in communication with or be a part of ATM network 60.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example compromise detectionsystem 100 that may be used to analyze activity data from ATMs 54 (shownin FIG. 1) to determine whether any of ATMs 54 are compromised. In theexample embodiment, system 100 includes a plurality of computer devices.More specifically, in the example embodiment, system 100 includes anactivity monitoring (AM) computing device 102. AM computing device 102is communicatively coupled to ATM network 60 (shown in FIG. 1).

Compromise detection system 100 further includes a plurality of ATMs 54that are communicatively coupled to ATM network 60. In one embodiment,an ATM 54 includes a computer that includes a memory device and a wiredand/or wireless communication device, such that ATMs 54 are accessibleto ATM network 60 via the Internet. In the example embodiment, ATMs 54may be interconnected to the Internet through, for example, a network,such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), dial-inconnections, cable modems, and/or special high-speed ISDN lines. ATMs 54further include hardware and/or software configured to read informationfrom a cardholder's transaction card.

In the example embodiment, each ATM 54 collects activity data. ATMs 54may store activity data and send the activity data at a particular timeor at specific intervals to AM computing device 102. ATMs 54 may sendactivity data to AM computing device 102 in “real-time,” and AMcomputing device 102 may store activity data. ATMs 54 communicate theactivity data to AM computing device 102 via a communication link suchas, for example, a wired and/or wireless network, a satellite network,radio, 3G, and/or 4G. ATMs 54 may also be configured to send physicalattributes associated with at least a location of ATMs 54 to AMcomputing device 102.

A database server 116 is coupled to a database 120 that contains andstores information on a variety of matters, as described in furtherdetail below. For example, AM computing device 102 or ATM network 60 maystore received activity data and/or ATM physical attributes in database120. Database 120 may also store operating parameter rules used by AMcomputing device 102. In one embodiment, centralized database 120 isstored on ATM network 60 and can be selectively accessed by AM computingdevice 102 and/or by users by logging onto AM computing device 102 orATM network 60. In alternative embodiments, database 120 may be storedremotely from AM computing device 102 and/or ATM network 60 and may benon-centralized.

In the example embodiment, AM computing device 102 receives activitydata from ATMs 54. AM computing device 102 may process and/or combinedata in the received activity data with data from additional databases(not shown in FIG. 2). The additional databases may include, but are notlimited to, activity data from: ATMs hosted by another host bank, ATMsassociated with another ATM network, and known compromised ATMs. AMcomputing device 102 may use this additional activity data to generateupdated operating parameter rules. For example, AM computing device 102may use activity data from a known normal ATM to define a normalactivity range. The term “normal activity range” is used herein to refergenerally to known or likely normal activity of the user and ATM 54,wherein “normal” is used generally to mean “uncompromised.” As anotherexample, AM computing device 102 may use activity data from knowncompromised ATMs to define a “compromised activity range” outside of thenormal activity range.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example configuration of ATM 54 (shown in FIG. 2)operated by a user 202 (e.g., cardholder 58, shown in FIG. 1), forexample, to initiate a transaction using a transaction card. ATM 54includes a processor 204 for executing instructions. In someembodiments, executable instructions are stored in a memory area 206.Processor 204 may include one or more processing units (e.g., in amulti-core configuration). ATM 54 also includes memory area 206, whichis any device allowing information such as computer-executableinstructions and/or written works to be stored and retrieved. Memoryarea 206 may include one or more computer-readable media.

ATM 54 also includes at least one media output component 208 forpresenting information to user 202. Media output component 208 is anycomponent capable of conveying information to user 202. In someembodiments, media output component 208 includes an output adapter suchas a video adapter and/or an audio adapter (not shown). An outputadapter is operatively coupled to processor 204 and operativelycouplable to an output device such as a display device (e.g., a liquidcrystal display (LCD), organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or“electronic ink” display) or an audio output device (e.g., a speaker orheadphones).

In some embodiments, ATM 54 includes an input device 210 for receivinginput (e.g., instructions) from user 202. Input device 210 may include,for example, a keyboard, a pointing device, a mouse, a stylus, atouch-sensitive panel (e.g., a touch pad or a touch screen), a positiondetector, or an audio input device. Input device 210 also includes acard reader for reading information from a transaction card of user 202.For example, the input device 210 may include a magnetic stripe reader,a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, a near-fieldcommunication (NFC) system, or any other suitable communication systemthat allows ATM 54 to read information from the transaction card. Asingle component such as a touch screen may function as both an outputdevice of media output component 208 and input device 210.

Stored in memory area 206 are, for example, computer-readableinstructions for providing a user interface to user 202 via media outputcomponent 208 and, optionally, receiving and processing input from inputdevice 210. A user interface may include, among other possibilities, aweb browser and client application. Web browsers enable users, such asuser 202, to display and interact with media and other informationtypically embedded on a web page or a website from ATM network 60. Aclient application allows user 202 to interact with a server applicationfrom ATM network 60.

ATM 54 may also include a communication interface 212, which iscommunicatively couplable to a remote device such as ATM network 60(shown in FIG. 1) and/or AM computing device 102 (shown in FIG. 2).Communication interface 212 may include, for example, a wired orwireless network adapter or a wireless data transceiver for use with amobile phone network (e.g., Global System for Mobile communications(GSM), 3G) or other mobile data network (e.g., WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX)).

FIG. 4 illustrates an example configuration of a server computing device300 that may be used as part of compromise detection system 100 (shownin FIG. 2). Server computing device 300 may include, but is not limitedto, ATM network 60 (shown in FIG. 1), AM computing device 102, databaseserver 116 (both shown in FIG. 2), and any other computing deviceconfigured to function as described herein.

Server computing device 300 includes a processor 302 for executinginstructions. Instructions may be stored in a memory area 304, forexample. Processor 302 may include one or more processing units (e.g.,in a multicore configuration). Processor 302 is operatively coupled to acommunication interface 306 such that server computing device 300 iscapable of communicating with a remote device such as ATM 54 (shown inFIG. 1) or another server computing device 300. For example,communication interface 306 may receive requests from a user (e.g., user202) or from a remote device (e.g., ATM 54) via the Internet.

Processor 302 may also be operatively coupled to storage device 308.Storage device 308 is any computer-operated hardware suitable forstoring and/or retrieving data. In some embodiments, storage device 308is integrated in server computing device 300. For example, servercomputing device 300 may include one or more hard disk drives as storagedevice 308. In other embodiments, storage device 308 is external toserver computing device 300 and may be accessed by a plurality of servercomputing devices 300. For example, storage device 308 may includemultiple storage units such as hard disks or solid state disks in aredundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) configuration. Storagedevice 308 may include a storage area network (SAN) and/or a networkattached storage (NAS) system.

In some embodiments, processor 302 is operatively coupled to storagedevice 308 via a storage interface 310. Storage interface 310 is anycomponent capable of providing processor 302 with access to storagedevice 308. Storage interface 310 may include, for example, an AdvancedTechnology Attachment (ATA) adapter, a Serial ATA (SATA) adapter, aSmall Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapter, a RAID controller, a SANadapter, a network adapter, and/or any component providing processor 302with access to storage device 308.

In the example embodiment, server computing device 300 (e.g., AMcomputing device 102) includes a modelling component 312. Modellingcomponent 312 includes computer-executable instructions for applyingactivity data (received from an ATM) to operating parameter rules, usingstatistical modelling. Modelling component 312 includescomputer-executable instructions for using at least a machine learningalgorithm. Some machine learning algorithms used by the modellingcomponent 312 may include artificial neural networks 314 and Bayesianstatistics 316. Other machine learning models 318 used by modellingcomponent 312 may include, for example, decision trees, inductive logic,learning vector quantization, ordinal classification, and informationfuzzy networks (IFN). Server computing device 300 may store theoperating parameter rules in one or both of memory 304 and storagedevice 308. Modelling component 312 may be configured to generate theoperating parameter rules using received known normal activity dataand/or received known compromised activity data.

FIG. 5 is a data flow diagram 500 showing the flow of data to and froman example activity monitoring (AM) computing device 102 (shown in FIG.2). In the illustrated embodiment, AM computing device 102 receives userinput data 510 and machine data 512 (collectively “activity data”) froman ATM (not shown). AM computing device 102 is configured to applyreceived activity data 510, 512 to operating parameter rules 514.

AM computing device 102 is configured to store operating parameter rules514 in a memory (not shown). In some embodiments, as illustrated in datasub-flow 502, AM computing device 102 is configured to generate theoperating parameter rules 514. In these embodiments, AM computing device102 receives at least one of known normal activity data 518 and knowncompromised activity data 520. AM computing device 102 uses statisticalmodelling to generate the operating parameter rules 514 based on knownnormal activity data 518 and/or known compromised activity data 520. Forexample, AM computing device 102 may use known normal activity data 518to define a normal activity range. As another example, AM computingdevice 102 may use known compromised activity data 520 to define acompromised activity range, which falls outside of the normal activityrange. Generally, operating parameter rules 514 are generated in orderto indicate whether received activity data falls within the normalactivity range.

In some embodiments, some of operating parameter rules 514 (whethergenerated or received by AM computing device 102) may be configured toidentify a particular combination of received activity data 510, 512that indicates a particularly high likelihood of the ATM beingcompromised. For example, an operating parameter rule 514 may beconfigured to indicate that a combination of reboot data, presence ofattached physical media, and available memory falling outside of thenormal activity range indicates a particularly high likelihood of theATM being compromised. In some embodiments, an operating parameter rule514 may be configured to indicate that a certain number of appliedactivity data falling outside of the normal activity range (i.e., notfalling within the normal activity range) indicates a particularly highlikelihood of the ATM being compromised. For example, an operatingparameter rule 514 may be configured to indicate that five or greaterinstances of activity data not falling within the normal activity rangeindicates a particularly high likelihood that the ATM is compromised.Operating parameter rules 514 may include any other rules, which maytake into account any number, combination, variation, weight, or anyother variable of any activity data and/or activity range.

AM computing device 102 may then apply received activity data 510, 512to stored (and/or generated) operating parameter rules 514. Based on theapplying, AM computing device 102 is configured to generate an activityscore 516, which is indicates a likelihood that that ATM is compromised.In some embodiments, a higher activity score 516 represents a higherlikelihood that the ATM is compromised. In other embodiments, a loweractivity score 516 represents a higher likelihood that the ATM iscompromised. In still other embodiments, an activity score 516 fallingwithin one or more particular range(s) indicates a respective likelihoodthat the ATM is compromised.

In some embodiments, AM computing device 102 may be configured toreceive physical attributes 522 of an ATM, wherein physical attributes522 are associated at least with a location of the ATM. For example,physical attributes 522 may include a location identifier of the ATM, apublic accessibility of the ATM, and/or user traffic at the ATM.Physical attributes 522 may affect the likelihood that the ATM may be atarget for being compromised. For example, an ATM with high user trafficor an easily accessible location may indicate an ATM that is more likelyto be compromised. AM computing device 102 may develop an ATM profile ofthe ATM based on physical attributes 522. AM computing device 102 mayuse the ATM profile to generate or update activity score 516 for theATM.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in data sub-flow 504, AM computingdevice 102 may be configured to initiate a response 524 based onactivity score 516. Response 524 may include at least one of a shutdownof the ATM (initiated by transmitting a shutdown signal to the ATM), avirus scan at the ATM (initiated by transmitting a virus scan signal tothe ATM), a generated alert for a manual investigation of the ATM (bytransmitting an alert signal), or any other response. Response 524 may,if activity score indicates a low likelihood that the ATM iscompromised, include a command to maintain operation of the ATM (e.g.,an “OK” message). Response 524 may be initiated if, for example,activity score 516 exceeds or is less than a particular threshold.Response 524 may be initiated if activity score 516 falls within aparticular range. In some embodiments, the particular response 524initiated (e.g., alert as opposed to shutdown; or virus scan, alert, andshutdown; or maintain operation) is based on the particular activityscore 516.

FIG. 6 is a component view of an example activity monitoring (AM)computing device 102, as shown in FIG. 2. In the example embodiment, AMcomputing device 102 includes a database 602. Database 602 stores, forexample, activity data 614 received from an ATM (e.g., ATM 54, shown inFIG. 1). Database 602 may further store operating parameter rules 616.

In the example embodiment, AM computing device 102 further includes areceiving component 604 for receiving activity data 614 from ATM 54,wherein activity data 614 includes user input data and machine data.Receiving component 604 may also receive activity data from a second ATM(not shown), wherein the second ATM is at least one of a second ATMassociated with a second host bank, wherein the second host bank is incommunication with a second ATM network, and a second ATM that is aknown compromised ATM. Receiving component may also receive a statusindicator for the second ATM, which indicates whether the second ATM iscompromised or uncompromised. AM computing device 102 further includes astoring component 604 for storing received activity data 614 in database602. Storing component 604 may also store received and/or generatedoperating parameter rules 616 in database 602.

AM computing device 102 further includes an applying component 608 forapplying activity data 614 to operating parameter rules 616. In theexample embodiment, applying component 608 includes modelling component312 (not shown in FIG. 6) as described with respect to FIG. 4. Applyingcomponent 608, including modelling component 312, may be configured togenerate operating parameter rules 616. In some embodiments, applyingcomponent 608, including modelling component 312, may further beconfigured to generate updated operating parameter rules based onactivity data received from the second ATM and the status indicatorassociated with the second ATM.

AM computing device 102 further includes a generating component 610 forgenerating an activity score for the ATM based on the output fromapplying component 608, wherein the activity score is configured toindicate a likelihood that the ATM is compromised. AM computing devicefurther includes an initiating component 612 for initiating a responsebased on the activity score. In some embodiments, the response includesat least one of a command to maintain operation of the ATM, a virus scanof the ATM, a shutdown of the ATM, and a generated alert for a manualinvestigation of the ATM.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example method 700 for detecting acompromised ATM. In the example embodiment, method 700 is performed byactivity monitoring (AM) computing device 102 (shown in FIG. 2). AMcomputing device 102 receives 702 activity data from an ATM. Activitydata includes user input data and machine data, wherein user input dataincludes instructions input by a user at the ATM during a transactionand machine data is associated with processes performed by the ATM. AMcomputing device 102 stores 704 operating parameter rules in the memory,each operating parameter rule configured to indicate whether thereceived activity data is within a normal activity range. AM computingdevice 102 further applies 706 the received activity data to theoperating parameter rules. AM computing device 102 also generates 708 anactivity score for the ATM based on the applying 706, wherein theactivity score is configured to indicate a likelihood that the ATM iscompromised. AM computing device 102 also initiates 710 a response basedon the activity score.

As will be appreciated based on the foregoing specification, theabove-described embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented usingcomputer programming or engineering techniques including computersoftware, firmware, hardware or any combination or subset thereof,wherein the technical effect of the systems and processes describedherein is achieved by creating a network-based system for detectingcompromised ATMs. Any such resulting program, having computer-readablecode means, may be embodied or provided within one or morecomputer-readable media, thereby making a computer program product,i.e., an article of manufacture, according to the discussed embodimentsof the disclosure. The computer-readable media may be, for example, butis not limited to, a fixed (hard) drive, diskette, optical disk,magnetic tape, semiconductor memory such as read-only memory (ROM),and/or any transmitting/receiving medium such as the Internet or othercommunication network or link. The article of manufacture containing thecomputer code may be made and/or used by executing the code directlyfrom one medium, by copying the code from one medium to another medium,or by transmitting the code over a network.

This written description uses examples to disclose the embodiments,including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devicesor systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scopeof the embodiments is defined by the claims, and may include otherexamples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples areintended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structuralelements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, orif they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantialdifferences from the literal language of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for detecting acompromised automated teller machine (ATM) using an activity monitoring(AM) computing device including a processor and a memory, the methodcomprising: receiving, by the AM computing device, activity data from anATM, activity data including user input data and machine data, whereinuser input data includes instructions input by a user at the ATM duringa transaction, and wherein machine data is associated with processesperformed by the ATM; storing operating parameter rules in the memory,the operating parameter rules configured to indicate whether thereceived activity data is within a normal activity range for the ATM;applying the received activity data to the operating parameter rules;generating an activity score for the ATM based on the applying, whereinthe activity score is configured to indicate a likelihood that the ATMis compromised; and initiating a response based on the activity score.2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein user input datafurther includes transaction data associated with the transaction,wherein transaction data includes at least one of a transaction amount,a transaction type, a time stamp, and transaction velocity at the ATM,and wherein machine data includes at least one of cash output data, cashinventory data, virus scan data, reboot data, available memory, criticalsystem data, and presence of attached physical media.
 3. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising: receivingphysical attributes of the ATM, wherein physical attributes of the ATMare associated at least with a location of the ATM; developing an ATMprofile of the ATM based on the physical attributes; and generating anupdated activity score for the ATM based on the ATM profile.
 4. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving, bythe AM computing device, known normal activity data, wherein knownnormal activity includes known normal user input data and known normalmachine data, and wherein known normal activity data defines the normalactivity range; and generating, using statistical modelling, theoperating parameter rules based on the normal activity range.
 5. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving, bythe AM computing device, known compromised activity data, wherein knowncompromised activity includes known compromised user input data andknown compromised machine data, and wherein known compromised activitydata defines a compromised activity range outside of a normal activityrange; and generating, using statistical modelling, the operatingparameter rules based on the normal activity range.
 6. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein initiating a responsecomprises at least one of: transmitting, if the activity score indicatesa likelihood that the ATM is not compromised, a command to maintainoperation of the ATM; transmitting, if the activity score indicates alikelihood that the ATM has been compromised, at least one of a virusscan signal to the ATM for initiating a virus scan at the ATM and ashutdown signal to the ATM for initiating a shutdown of the ATM; andgenerating, if the activity score indicates a likelihood that the ATMhas been compromised, an alert for initiating a manual investigation ofthe ATM, wherein the alert is transmitted to a user associated with atleast one of the ATM, a host bank associated with the ATM, and an ATMnetwork associated with at least one of the ATM and the host bank. 7.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the ATM is a firstATM associated with a first host bank and the first host bank isassociated with a first ATM network, the method further comprising:receiving activity data from a second ATM associated with a second hostbank, wherein the second host bank is associated with a second ATMnetwork; receiving a status indicator regarding the second ATM from atleast one of the second ATM and the second host bank, wherein the statusindicator indicates whether the second ATM is compromised or is notcompromised; generating updated operating parameter rules based on thereceived activity data from the second ATM and the received statusindicator; applying the activity data from the first ATM to the updatedoperating parameter rules; and generating an updated activity score forthe first ATM.
 8. A compromise detection computer system for detecting acompromised automated teller machine (ATM), the computer systemcomprising: a memory; and an activity monitoring computer deviceincluding a processor configured to: receive activity data from an ATM,activity data including user input data and machine data, wherein userinput data includes instructions input by a user at the ATM during atransaction, and wherein machine data is associated with processesperformed by the ATM; store operating parameter rules in the memory, theoperating parameter rules configured to indicate whether the receivedactivity data is within a normal activity range for the ATM; apply thereceived activity data to the operating parameter rules; generate anactivity score for the ATM based on the application, wherein theactivity score is configured to indicate a likelihood that the ATM iscompromised; and initiate a response based on the activity score.
 9. Thecompromise detection computer system of claim 8, wherein user input datafurther includes transaction data associated with the transaction,wherein transaction data includes at least one of a transaction amount,a transaction type, a time stamp, and transaction velocity at the ATM,and wherein machine data includes at least one of cash output data, cashinventory data, virus scan data, reboot data, available memory, criticalsystem data, and presence of attached physical media.
 10. The compromisedetection computer system of claim 8, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to: receive physical attributes of the ATM, wherein physicalattributes of the ATM are associated at least with a location of theATM; develop an ATM profile of the ATM based on the physical attributes;and generate an updated activity score for the ATM based on the ATMprofile.
 11. The compromise detection computer system of claim 8,wherein the processor is further configured to: receive known normalactivity data, wherein known normal activity includes known normal userinput data and known normal machine data, and wherein known normalactivity data defines the normal activity range; and generate, usingstatistical modelling, the operating parameter rules based on the normalactivity range.
 12. The compromise detection computer system of claim 8,wherein the processor is further configured to: receive knowncompromised activity data, wherein known compromised activity includesknown compromised user input data and known compromised machine data,and wherein known compromised activity data defines a compromisedactivity range outside of a normal activity range; and generate, usingstatistical modelling, the operating parameter rules based on the normalactivity range.
 13. The compromise detection computer system of claim 8,wherein the response includes at least one of: if the activity scoreindicates a likelihood that the ATM is not compromised, a command tomaintain operation of the ATM; and if the activity score indicates alikelihood that the ATM has been compromised, at least one of: a virusscan signal to the ATM for initiating a virus scan at the ATM; ashutdown signal to the ATM for initiating a shutdown of the ATM; and analert for initiating a manual investigation of the ATM, wherein thealert is transmitted to a user associated with at least one of the ATM,a host bank associated with the ATM, and an ATM network associated withat least one of the ATM and the host bank.
 14. The compromise detectioncomputer system of claim 8, wherein the ATM is a first ATM associatedwith a first host bank and the first host bank is associated with afirst ATM network, and wherein the processor is further configured to:receive activity data from a second ATM associated with a second hostbank, wherein the second host bank is associated with a second ATMnetwork; receive a status indicator regarding the second ATM from atleast one of the second ATM and the second host bank, wherein the statusindicator indicates whether the second ATM is compromised or is notcompromised; generate updated operating parameter rules based on thereceived activity data from the second ATM and the received statusindicator; apply the activity data from the first ATM to the updatedoperating parameter rules; and generate an updated activity score forthe first ATM.
 15. At least one non-transitory computer-readable storagemedia having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon fordetecting a compromised automated teller machine (ATM), wherein whenexecuted by at least one processor coupled to at least one memorydevice, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to:receive activity data from an ATM, activity data including user inputdata and machine data, wherein user input data includes instructionsinput by a user at the ATM during a transaction, and wherein machinedata is associated with processes performed by the ATM; store operatingparameter rules in the memory, the operating parameter rules configuredto indicate whether the received activity data is within a normalactivity range for the ATM; apply the received activity data to theoperating parameter rules; generate an activity score for the ATM basedon the application, wherein the activity score is configured to indicatea likelihood that the ATM is compromised; and initiate a response basedon the activity score.
 16. The computer-readable media of claim 15,wherein user input data further includes transaction data associatedwith the transaction, wherein transaction data includes at least one ofa transaction amount, a transaction type, a time stamp, and transactionvelocity at the ATM, and wherein machine data includes at least one ofcash output data, cash inventory data, virus scan data, reboot data,available memory, critical system data, and presence of attachedphysical media.
 17. The computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein thecomputer-executable instructions further cause the processor to: receiveknown normal activity data, wherein known normal activity includes knownnormal user input data and known normal machine data, and wherein knownnormal activity data defines the normal activity range; and generate,using statistical modelling, the operating parameter rules based on thenormal activity range.
 18. The computer-readable media of claim 15,wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processorto: receive known compromised activity data, wherein known compromisedactivity includes known compromised user input data and knowncompromised machine data, and wherein known compromised activity datadefines a compromised activity range outside of a normal activity range;and generate, using statistical modelling, the operating parameter rulesbased on the normal activity range.
 19. The computer-readable media ofclaim 14, wherein the response comprises at least one of: if theactivity score indicates a likelihood that the ATM is not compromised, acommand to maintain operation of the ATM; and if the activity scoreindicates a likelihood that the ATM has been compromised, at least oneof: a virus scan signal to the ATM for initiating a virus scan at theATM; a shutdown signal to the ATM for initiating a shutdown of the ATM;and an alert for initiating a manual investigation of the ATM, whereinthe alert is transmitted to a user associated with at least one of theATM, a host bank associated with the ATM, and an ATM network associatedwith at least one of the ATM and the host bank.
 20. Thecomputer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the ATM is a first ATMassociated with a first host bank and the first host bank is associatedwith a first ATM network, and wherein the computer-executableinstructions further cause the processor to: receive activity data froma second ATM associated with a second host bank, wherein the second hostbank is associated with a second ATM network; receive a status indicatorregarding the second ATM from at least one of the second ATM and thesecond host bank, wherein the status indicator indicates whether thesecond ATM is compromised or is not compromised; generate updatedoperating parameter rules based on the received activity data from thesecond ATM and the received status indicator; apply the activity datafrom the first ATM to the updated operating parameter rules; andgenerate an updated activity score for the first ATM.